Ajax the Great

Mortal man

Ajax () or Aias (; Ancient Greek: Αἴας, romanized: Aíās [aí̯.aːs], gen. Αἴαντος Aíantos) is a Greek mythological hero, the son of King Telamon and Periboea, and the half-brother of Teucer.

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Ajax the Great. Aphaia pediment Aias W-IX Glyptothek Munich 80
Aphaia pediment Aias W-IX Glyptothek Munich 80 · Unknown artist Unknown artistImage source Public domain

Mentions in the Iliad

A. T. Murray, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1924 · Homer, Iliad with an English Translation · CC BY-SA 3.0 US

“And their leaders busily marshalled the ranks of the Phocians, and made ready for battle hard by the Boeotians on the left. And the Loerians had as leader the swift son of Oïleus, Aias the less, in no wise as great as Telamonian Aias, but far less. Small of stature was he, with corselet of linen,”
Il. 2.525–529
“Only Nestor could vie with him, for he was the elder. And with him there followed fifty black ships. And Aias led from Salamis twelve ships, and stationed them where the battalions of the Athenians stood. And they that held Argos and Tiryns, famed for its walls,”
Il. 2.555–559
“like of coat, like of age, their backs as even as a levelling line could make. These had Apollo of the silver bow reared in Pereia, both of them mares, bearing with them the panic of war. And of warriors far best was Telamonian Aias, while yet Achilles cherished his wrath; for Achilles was far the mightiest,”
Il. 2.765–769
“And, thirdly, the old man saw Aias, and asked: Who then is this other Achaean warrior, valiant and tall, towering above the Argives with his head and broad shoulders? And to him made answer long-robed Helen, fair among women: This is huge Aias, bulwark of the Achaeans.”
Il. 3.225–229
“So his spirit left him, and over his body was wrought grievous toil of Trojans and Achaeans. Even as wolves leapt they one upon the other, and man made man to reel. Then Telamonian Aias smote Anthemion's son, the lusty youth Simoeisius, whom on a time his mother”
Il. 4.470–474
“had born beside the banks of Simois, as she journeyed down from Ida, whither she had followed with her parents to see their flocks. For this cause they called him Simoeisius; yet paid he not back to his dear parents the recompense of his upbringing, and but brief was the span of his life, for that he was laid low by the spear of great-souled Aias.”
Il. 4.475–479
“And as they fell great Telamonian Aias had pity of them, and came and stood close at hand, and with a cast of his shining spear smote Amphius, son of Selagus, that dwelt in Paesus, a man rich in substance, rich in corn-land; but fate led him to bear aid to Priam and his sons.”
Il. 5.610–614
See all 83

Connections

Father · Sources
Father · Sources
like of coat, like of age, their backs as even as a levelling line could make. These had Apollo of the silver bow reared in Pereia, both of them mares, bearing with them the panic of war. And of warriors far best was Telamonian Aias, while yet Achilles cherished his wrath; for Achilles was far the mightiest,
Il. 2.768
So his spirit left him, and over his body was wrought grievous toil of Trojans and Achaeans. Even as wolves leapt they one upon the other, and man made man to reel. Then Telamonian Aias smote Anthemion's son, the lusty youth Simoeisius, whom on a time his mother
Il. 4.474
And as they fell great Telamonian Aias had pity of them, and came and stood close at hand, and with a cast of his shining spear smote Amphius, son of Selagus, that dwelt in Paesus, a man rich in substance, rich in corn-land; but fate led him to bear aid to Priam and his sons.
Il. 5.610

Il. 2.768 · Il. 4.474 · Il. 5.610 · Il. 5.615 · Il. 6.5 · Il. 7.189 · Il. 7.224 · Il. 7.258 · Il. 7.283 · Il. 7.303 · Il. 8.224 · Il. 8.267 · Il. 9.623 · Il. 9.644 · Il. 9.689 · Il. 11.7 · Il. 11.465 · Il. 11.542 · Il. 11.563 · Il. 11.591 · Il. 12.400 · Il. 13.67 · Il. 13.177 · Il. 13.321 · Il. 13.702 · Il. 14.409 · Il. 14.459 · Il. 14.511 · Il. 15.289 · Il. 15.501 · Il. 15.674 · Il. 16.119 · Il. 16.358 · Il. 17.115 · Il. 17.137 · Il. 17.237 · Il. 17.279 · Il. 17.628 · Il. 17.651 · Il. 17.715 · Il. 18.193 · Il. 23.708 · Il. 23.722 · Il. 23.820 · Il. 23.843

Brother through father · Sources
Brother through father · Sources

Квалификация братства/сестринства: Илиада: Общий отец подтверждён; сведения о матерях неполны. Различие матерей не установлено. Общие родители: Теламон.

Wikidata: Теламон — роль родителя · P22 Wikidata: Теламон — роль родителя · P22
then would that man fall where he was and give up his life, and Teucer would hie him back, and as a child beneath his mother, so betake him for shelter to Aias; and Aias would ever hide him with his shining shield. Whom first then of the Trojans did peerless Teucer slay? Orsilochus first and Ormenus and Ophelestes and
Il. 8.272
Howbeit Aias was not unmindful of his brother's fall, but ran and bestrode him and flung before him his shield as a cover. Then two trusty comrades stooped beneath him, even Mecisteus, son of Echius, and goodly Alastor, and bare him, groaning heavily, to the hollow ships.
Il. 8.330
So saying Telamonian Aias departed, and with him went Teucer, his own brother, begotten of one father, and with them Pandion bare the curved bow of Teucer. Now when, as they passed along within the wall, they reached the post of great-souled Menestheus—and to men hard pressed they came—
Il. 12.371

Il. 8.272 · Il. 8.330 · Il. 12.371 · Il. 15.436–437 · Il. 15.466

Opponent · Sources
Opponent · Sources
and about his temples waved the crest of his shining helm. And everywhere on this side and on that he strode forward and made trial of the battalions, if so be they would give way before him, as he advanced under cover of his shield; yet could he not confound the heart in the breast of the Achaeans. And Aias came on with long strides, and was first to challenge him:
Il. 13.809

Il. 13.809

Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources
Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources

В стихах 11.489–490 Аякс опрокинул Дорикла, сына побочного Приама; как и в пилоте (Аблер–Антилох), «опрокинул» передаёт убийство.

Then Aias drew near, bearing his shield that was like a city wall, and stood forth beside him, and the Trojans scattered in flight, one here, one there. And warlike Menelaus led Odysseus forth from the throng, holding him by the hand, till his squire drave up the horses and car. Then Aias leapt upon the Trojans and slew Doryclus,bastard son of Priam, and after him smote Pandocus with a thrust, and likewise Lysander and Pyrasus and Pylartes. And as when a river in flood cometh down upon a plain, a winter torrent from the mountains, driven on by the rain of Zeus, and many a dry oak and many a pine it beareth in its course,
Il. 11.489–490

Il. 11.489–490

Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources
Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources

Аякс бросил пику, она приняла в себя Архелоха, сына Антенора, и рассекла ему сухожилья — Архелох убит Аяксом.

the son of Telamon, for closest to him did the man fall. Swiftly then he cast with his bright spear at the other, even as he was drawing back. And Polydamas himself escaped black fate, springing to one side; but Archelochus, son of Antenor, received the spear; for to him the gods purposed death.Him the spear smote at the joining of head and neck on the topmost joint of the spine, and it shore off both the sinews. And far sooner did his head and mouth and nose reach the earth as he fell, than his legs and knees. Then Aias in his turn called aloud to peerless Polydamas:
Il. 14.460–468

Il. 14.460–468

Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources
Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources

Стих 15.517 прямо говорит: Лаодаманта, вождя пехотинцев, Аякс ниспровергнул.

Then Hector slew Schedius, son of Perimedes, a leader of the Phocians, and Aias slew Laodamas, the leader of the footmen, the glorious son of Antenor; and Polydamas laid low Otus of Cyllene, comrade of Phyleus' son, captain of the great-souled Epeians.
Il. 15.516–517

Il. 15.516–517

Friend · Sources
Friend · Sources
him he missed, but Lycophron, Mastor's son, a squire of Aias from Cythera, who dwelt with him, for that he had slain a man in sacred Cythera—him Hector smote upon the head above the ear with the sharp bronze, even as he stood near Aias, and backward in the dust
Il. 15.431

Il. 15.431

See all 17
Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources
Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources

Аякс Теламоний свергает Акаманта и пронзает ему лоб — Акамант убит Аяксом.

Aias, son of Telamon, bulwark of the Achaeans was first to break a battalion of the Trojans, and to bring a light of deliverance to his comrades, for he smote a man that was chiefest among the Thracians, even Eüssorus' son Acamas, a valiant man and tall. Him he was first to smite upon the horn of his helmet with thick crest of horse-hair,and drave the spear into his forehead so that the point of bronze pierced within the bone; and darkness enfolded his eyes. And Diomedes, good at the war-cry, slew Axylus, Teuthras' son, that dwelt in well-built Arisbe, a man rich in substance, that was beloved of all men;
Il. 6.5–11

Il. 6.5–11

Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources
Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources

Стихи: Аякс Теламоний поразил Амфия в пояс, длиннотенная пика проникла в живот — Амфий убит Аяксом.

And as they fell great Telamonian Aias had pity of them, and came and stood close at hand, and with a cast of his shining spear smote Amphius, son of Selagus, that dwelt in Paesus, a man rich in substance, rich in corn-land; but fate led him to bear aid to Priam and his sons.Him Telamonian Aias smote upon the belt, and in the lower belly was the far-shadowing spear fixed, and he fell with a thud. Then glorious Aias rushed upon him to strip him of his armour, and the Trojans rained upon him their spears, all sharp and gleaming, and his shield caught many thereof.
Il. 5.612–616

Il. 5.612–616

Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources
Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources

В стихах 12.378–380 Аякс Теламоний начинает сраженье и низвергает Епикла, ударив его огромным мрамором; описание прямо называет Епикла убитым Аяксом.

the foe were mounting upon the battlements like a dark whirlwind, even the mighty leaders and rulers of the Lycians; and they clashed together in fight, and the battle-cry arose. Then Aias, son of Telamon, was first to slay his man, even great-souled Epicles, comrade of Sarpedon,for he smote him with a huge jagged rock, that lay the topmost of all within the wall by the battlements. Not easily with both hands could a man, such as mortals now are, hold it, were he never so young and strong, but Aias lifted it on high and hurled it, and he shattered the four-horned helmet, and crushed together
Il. 12.378–380

Il. 12.378–380

Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources
Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources

В стихах 14.511–512 «первым Аякс Теламоний отважного Гиртия свергнул»; описание прямо называет Гиртия убитым Аяксом.

when once the famed Shaker of Earth had turned the battle. Aias verily was first, the son of Telamon. He smote Hyrtius, the son of Gyrtius, leader of the Mysians stalwart of heart; and Antilochus stripped the spoils from Phalces and Mermerus, and Meriones slew Morys and Hippotion,
Il. 14.511–512

Il. 14.511–512

Connection · Sources
Connection · Sources

Описание прямо называет Пандиона сопровождающим Аякса; стихи 12.370–372 показывают, что Пандион идёт вместе с Аяксом Теламонием. Устойчивое отношение сопровождения — тип other.

So saying Telamonian Aias departed, and with him went Teucer, his own brother, begotten of one father, and with them Pandion bare the curved bow of Teucer. Now when, as they passed along within the wall, they reached the post of great-souled Menestheus—and to men hard pressed they came—
Il. 12.370–372

Il. 12.370–372

Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources
Killed by Ajax the Great · Sources

Стихи 4.473–474 прямо говорят, что Симоесий убит Аяксом Теламонидом.

So his spirit left him, and over his body was wrought grievous toil of Trojans and Achaeans. Even as wolves leapt they one upon the other, and man made man to reel. Then Telamonian Aias smote Anthemion's son, the lusty youth Simoeisius, whom on a time his mother
Il. 4.473–474

Il. 4.473–474

Connection · Sources
Connection · Sources

Стих 11.491 прямо называет, что Аякс ранил Пираса с Пилартом; устойчивое отношение ранения, тип other.

Then Aias drew near, bearing his shield that was like a city wall, and stood forth beside him, and the Trojans scattered in flight, one here, one there. And warlike Menelaus led Odysseus forth from the throng, holding him by the hand, till his squire drave up the horses and car. Then Aias leapt upon the Trojans and slew Doryclus,bastard son of Priam, and after him smote Pandocus with a thrust, and likewise Lysander and Pyrasus and Pylartes. And as when a river in flood cometh down upon a plain, a winter torrent from the mountains, driven on by the rain of Zeus, and many a dry oak and many a pine it beareth in its course,
Il. 11.489–491

Il. 11.489–491

Connection · Sources
Connection · Sources
a shield of bronze with sevenfold bull's-hide, the which Tychius had wrought with toil, he that was far best of workers in hide, having his home in Hyle, who had made him his flashing shield of seven hides of sturdy bulls, and thereover had wrought an eighth layer of bronze. This Telamonian Aias bare before his breast,
Il. 7.220–223

Il. 7.220–223

Connection · Sources
Connection · Sources

Ил. 11.489–491: Аякс Теламонид врывается в троянские ряды и в 11.491 ранит Лисандра вместе с Пандоком, Пирсом и Пилартом. Это ранение, а не убийство. Тождество Аякса подтверждают обращение Менелая «Аякс Теламоний» в 11.465 и слова Кебриона о Теламониде с широким щитом в 11.526–527.

Then Aias drew near, bearing his shield that was like a city wall, and stood forth beside him, and the Trojans scattered in flight, one here, one there. And warlike Menelaus led Odysseus forth from the throng, holding him by the hand, till his squire drave up the horses and car. Then Aias leapt upon the Trojans and slew Doryclus,bastard son of Priam, and after him smote Pandocus with a thrust, and likewise Lysander and Pyrasus and Pylartes. And as when a river in flood cometh down upon a plain, a winter torrent from the mountains, driven on by the rain of Zeus, and many a dry oak and many a pine it beareth in its course,
Il. 11.489–491

Il. 11.489–491

Connection · Sources
Connection · Sources

Стих 11.491 прямо называет, что Аякс ранил Пираса с Пилартом; устойчивое отношение ранения, тип other.

Then Aias drew near, bearing his shield that was like a city wall, and stood forth beside him, and the Trojans scattered in flight, one here, one there. And warlike Menelaus led Odysseus forth from the throng, holding him by the hand, till his squire drave up the horses and car. Then Aias leapt upon the Trojans and slew Doryclus,bastard son of Priam, and after him smote Pandocus with a thrust, and likewise Lysander and Pyrasus and Pylartes. And as when a river in flood cometh down upon a plain, a winter torrent from the mountains, driven on by the rain of Zeus, and many a dry oak and many a pine it beareth in its course,
Il. 11.489–491

Il. 11.489–491

In art

Ajax and Ulysses Disputing. Palazzo Davanzati. Public domain. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123356308

Jérôme-Martin Langlois. Cassandra Imploring the Vengeance of Minerva Against Ajax. Musée des Beaux-Arts de Chambéry. Public domain. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116701252

Giulio Romano. Ajax Defends Patroclus's Corpse. Palazzo Ducale Mantua. Public domain. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19931414

Unknown artist Unknown artist. Aphaia pediment Aias W-IX Glyptothek Munich 80. собрание не указано. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAphaia_pediment_Aias_W-IX_Glyptothek_Munich_80.jpg

Photograph / reproduction: Unknown artistUnknown artist

Unknown artist Unknown artist. Aphaia pediment 5 central Glyptothek Munich. собрание не указано. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAphaia_pediment_5_central_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg

Photograph / reproduction: Unknown artistUnknown artist

Picture taken by Marcus Cyron. Pergamon Altar - Telephus frieze - panel 25. собрание не указано. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APergamon_Altar_-_Telephus_frieze_-_panel_25.jpg

Photograph / reproduction: Picture taken by Marcus Cyron

Photograph / reproduction date: 2. & 4. HJanuar 2007

Sailko. Urna in alabastro con aiace che regge achille morente, da sarteano, 210-150 ac ca. собрание не указано. CC BY 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AUrna_in_alabastro_con_aiace_che_regge_achille_morente%2C_da_sarteano%2C_210-150_ac_ca.jpg

Photograph / reproduction: Sailko

Photograph / reproduction date: 2017-08-21 15:00:59

See all 19

Sources and verification

The character is matched to the catalogue.

Wikidata Q172725

Reference material remains distinct from the poem’s assertions. Characters who share a name retain separate pages.