Iris

Goddess

In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Iris (; EYE-riss; Ancient Greek: Ἶρις, romanized: Îris, lit. 'rainbow,' Ancient Greek: [îːris]) is a daughter of the gods Thaumas and Electra, and the personification of the rainbow. She functions as a messenger and servant to the Olympians, particularly Hera.

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Mentions
22
Connected characters
1
Books
9
Iris. Iris 01
Iris 01 · CarlosVdeHabsburgoImage source ↗CC BY-SA 4.0

Mentions in the Iliad

A. T. Murray, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1924 · Homer, Iliad with an English Translation · CC BY-SA 3.0 US

“and full swiftly did they speed across the plain. And to the Trojans went, as a messenger from Zeus that beareth the aegis, wind-footed, swift Iris with a grievous message. These were holding assembly at Priam's gate, all gathered in one body, the young men alike and the elders.”
Il. 2.785–789
“let each one therefore give the word to those whose captain he is, and these let him lead forth, when he has marshalled the men of his own city. So spake she, and Hector in no wise failed to know the voice of the goddess, but forthwith brake up the gathering; and they rushed to arms. The gates one and all were opened wide, and forth the folk hasted,”
Il. 2.805–809
“and he failed not to hearken to goodly Agamemnon. But Iris went as a messenger to white-armed Helen, in the likeness of her husband's sister, the wife of Antenor's son, even her that lord Helicaon, Antenor's son, had to wife, Laodice, the comeliest of the daughters of Priam.”
Il. 3.120–124
“But if into battle thou wilt enter, verily methinks thou shalt shudder at the name thereof, if thou hearest it even from afar. So spake he, and she departed frantic, and was sore distressed; and wind-footed Iris took her and led her forth from out the throng, racked with pain, and her fair flesh was darkened.”
Il. 5.350–354
“whether to throw open the thick cloud or shut it to. There through the gate they drave their horses patient of the goad. But when father Zeus saw them from Ida he waxed wondrous wroth, and sent forth golden-winged Iris to bear a message: Up, go, swift Iris; turn them back and suffer them not to come face to face with me,”
Il. 8.395–399
“shall they heal them of the wounds wherewith the thunderbolt shall smite them; that she of the flashing eyes may know what it is to strive against her own father. But against Hera have I not so great indignation nor wrath, seeing she is ever wont to thwart me in whatsoe'er I have decreed. So spake he, and storm-footed Iris hasted to bear his message,”
Il. 8.405–409
“And he sent forth golden-winged Iris to bear his message: Up go, swift Iris, and declare this word unto Hector: So long as he shall see Agamemnon, shepherd of the host, raging amid the fore-most fighters, laying waste the ranks of men, so long let him hold back, and bid the rest of the host”
Il. 11.185–189
See all 22
“So spake he, and wind-footed swift Iris failed not to hearken, but went down from the hills of Ida to sacred Ilios. She found the son of wise-hearted Priam, goodly Hector, standing in his jointed car; and swift-footed Iris drew nigh him and spake unto him, saying:”
Il. 11.195–199
“thy thought hereafter were to be one with my thought as thou sittest among the immortals, then would Poseidon, how contrary soever his wish might be, forthwith bend his mind to follow thy heart and mine. But if verily thou speakest in frankness and in truth, go thou now among the tribes of gods and call”
Il. 15.50–54
“or will yet be slain; and a hard thing it is to preserve the lineage and offspring of men. She spake she, and made furious Ares to sit down upon his throne. But Hera called Apollo forth from out the hall, and Iris, that is the messenger of the immortal gods;”
Il. 15.140–144
“and at sight of them his heart waxed nowise wroth, for that they had speedily obeyed the words of his dear wife. And to Iris first he spake winged words: Up, go, swift Iris; unto the lord Poseidon bear thou all these tidings, and see thou tell him true.”
Il. 15.155–159
“Then answered her again Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth: Goddess Iris, this word of thine is right fitly spoken; and a good thing verily is this, when a messenger hath an understanding heart. But herein dread grief cometh upon my heart and soul, whenso any is minded to upbraid with angry words”
Il. 15.205–209
“And now would he have dragged away the body, and have won glory unspeakable, had not wind-footed, swift Iris speeding from Olympus with a message that he array him for battle, come to the son of Peleus, all unknown of Zeus and the other gods, for Hera sent her forth. And she drew nigh, and spake to him winged words:”
Il. 18.165–169
“Thine were the shame, if anywise he come, a corpse despitefully entreated. Then swift-footed goodly Achilles answered her: Goddess Iris, who of the gods sent thee a messenger to me? And to him again spake wind-footed, swift Iris: Hera sent me forth, the glorious wife of Zeus;”
Il. 18.180–184
“the Trojans may desist from battle, and the warlike sons of the Achaeans may take breath, wearied as they are; for scant is the breathing-space in war. When she had thus spoken swift-footed Iris departed; but Achilles, dear to Zeus, roused him, and round about his mighty shoulders Athene flung her tasselled aegis,”
Il. 18.200–204
“to the North Wind and the West Wind, and promised fair offerings, and full earnestly, as he poured libations from a cup of gold, he besought them to come, to the end that the corpses might speedily blaze with fire, and the wood make haste to be kindled. Then forthwith Iris heard his prayer, and hied her with the message to the winds.”
Il. 23.195–199
“Patroclus, for whom all the Achaeans groan aloud. When she had thus departed, and they arose with a wondrous din, driving the clouds tumultuously before them. And swiftly they came to the sea to blow thereon, and the wave swelled”
Il. 23.210–214
“was wailing for the fate of her peerless son, who to her sorrow was to perish in deep-soiled Troy, far from his native land. And swift-footed Iris drew near, and spake to her: Rouse thee, 0 Thetis; Zeus, whose counsels are everlasting, calleth thee. Then spake in answer Thetis, the silver-footed goddess:”
Il. 24.85–89
“he holdeth Hector at the beaked ships and gave him not back, if so be he may be seized with fear of me and give Hector back. But I will send forth Iris unto great-hearted Priam, to bid him go to the ships of the Achaeans to ransom his dear son, and to bear gifts unto Achilles which shall make glad his heart.”
Il. 24.115–119
“if verily with full purpose of heart the Olympian himself so biddeth. On this wise amid the gathering of the ships mother and son spake many winged words one to the other, but the son of Cronos sent forth Iris to sacred Ilios: Up, go, swift Iris; leave thou the abode of Olympus”
Il. 24.140–144
“which he had gathered in his hands as he grovelled on the earth. And his daughters and his sons' wives were wailing throughout the house, bethinking them of the warriors many and valiant who were lying low, slain by the hands of the Argives. And the messenger of Zeus drew nigh to Priam, and spake to him;”
Il. 24.165–169
“neither shall Achilles himself slay thee nor suffer any other to slay; for not without wisdom is he, neither without purpose, nor yet hardened in sin; nay, with all kindliness will he spare a suppliant man. When she had thus spoken swift-footed Iris departed; but the king bade his sons”
Il. 24.185–189

Connections

Master · Sources
Master · Sources
and beside her mounted Iris and took the reins in her hand. She touched the horses with the lash to start them, and nothing loath the pair sped onward. Straightway then they came to the abode of the gods, to steep Olympus and there wind-footed, swift Iris stayed the horses and loosed them from the car, and cast before them food ambrosial;
Il. 5.368
which he had gathered in his hands as he grovelled on the earth. And his daughters and his sons' wives were wailing throughout the house, bethinking them of the warriors many and valiant who were lying low, slain by the hands of the Argives. And the messenger of Zeus drew nigh to Priam, and spake to him;
Il. 24.169

Il. 5.368 · Il. 24.169

In art

Iris
IrisGuy Head · 1800National Galleries ScotlandInv. NG 2756

Guy Head. Iris. National Galleries Scotland. Public domain. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27975073

Юнона и Аргус
Юнона и АргусPeter Paul Rubens · 1610Wallraf–Richartz MuseumInv. WRM 1040

Peter Paul Rubens. Юнона и Аргус. Wallraf–Richartz Museum. Public domain. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713690

Venus, Injured by Diomedes, Returns to Olympus
Venus, Injured by Diomedes, Returns to OlympusJean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres · 1805Kunstmuseum BaselInv. G 1977.38

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Venus, Injured by Diomedes, Returns to Olympus. Kunstmuseum Basel. Public domain. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94636963

See all 11
Iris 01
Iris 01Artist not recorded · Date not establishedCollection not recorded

CarlosVdeHabsburgo. Iris 01. собрание не указано. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AIris_01.jpg

Image author: CarlosVdeHabsburgo

Image date: 2018-03-21 18:41:21

Medallion winged Victory FamGILL Louvre2024-16
Medallion winged Victory FamGILL Louvre2024-16Artist not recorded · Date not establishedCollection not recorded

Marie-Lan Nguyen. Medallion winged Victory FamGILL Louvre2024-16. собрание не указано. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMedallion_winged_Victory_FamGILL_Louvre2024-16.jpg

Image author: Marie-Lan Nguyen

Image date: 2024-08-01

LVS poste 0893
LVS poste 0893Artist not recorded · Date not establishedCollection not recorded

Totorvdr59. LVS poste 0893. собрание не указано. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALVS_poste_0893.jpg

Image author: Totorvdr59

Image date: 2017-07-08 10:35:45

Statue of a winged female deity (Academy of Athens) on May 22, 2022
Statue of a winged female deity (Academy of Athens) on May 22, 2022Artist not recorded · Date not establishedCollection not recorded

George E. Koronaios. Statue of a winged female deity (Academy of Athens) on May 22, 2022. собрание не указано. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AStatue_of_a_winged_female_deity_%28Academy_of_Athens%29_on_May_22%2C_2022.jpg

Image author: George E. Koronaios

Image date: 2022-05-22 16:39:49

West Pediment of the Parthenon reconstruction, Acropolis Museum 02
West Pediment of the Parthenon reconstruction, Acropolis Museum 02Artist not recorded · Date not establishedCollection not recorded

Deiadameian. West Pediment of the Parthenon reconstruction, Acropolis Museum 02. собрание не указано. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWest_Pediment_of_the_Parthenon_reconstruction%2C_Acropolis_Museum_02.jpg

Image author: Deiadameian

Image date: 2024-06-30 11:44:09

Head of Iris
Head of IrisArtist not recorded · 448 BCDepartment of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities of the Louvre · ПарижInv. MND 1485

Head of Iris. Department of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities of the Louvre. Public domain. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20054777

Louvre G 192
Louvre G 192Berlin Painter · 480 BCDepartment of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities of the Louvre · ПарижInv. G 192.1

Berlin Painter. Louvre G 192. Department of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities of the Louvre. CC0. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9434001

Hydria Ricci
Hydria RicciRibbon Painter · 600 BCMuseo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa GiuliaInv. 80983

Ribbon Painter. Hydria Ricci. Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43893457

04 / PROVENANCE

Sources and verification

The character is matched to the catalogue.

Wikidata Q184570

Reference material remains distinct from the poem’s assertions. Characters who share a name retain separate pages.